Tag Archives: phyllotaxis

Sunflowers for COLOURlovers

Drawings, Shiny, , , , ,

Andar, lo que es andar, anduve encima siempre de las nubes (Del tiempo perdido, Robe)

If you give importance to colours, maybe you know already COLOURlovers. As can be read in their website, COLOURlovers is a creative community where people from around the world create and share colors, palettes and patterns, discuss the latest trends and explore colorful articles… All in the spirit of love.

There is a R package called colourlovers which provides access to the COLOURlovers API. It makes very easy to choose nice colours for your graphics. I used clpalettes function to search for the top palettes of the website. Their names are pretty suggestive as well: Giant Goldfish, Thought Provoking, Adrift in Dreams, let them eat cake … Inspired by this post I have done a Shiny app to create colored flowers using that palettes. Seeds are arranged according to the golden angle. One example:

Some others:

You can play with the app here.

If you want to do your own sunflowers, here you have the code. This is the ui.R file:

library(colourlovers)
library(rlist)
top=clpalettes('top')
sapply(1:length(top), function(x) list.extract(top, x)$title)->titles

fluidPage(
  titlePanel("Sunflowers for COLOURlovers"),
  fluidRow(
    column(3,
           wellPanel(
             selectInput("pal", label = "Palette:", choices = titles),
             sliderInput("nob", label = "Number of points:", min = 200, max = 500, value = 400, step = 50)
           )
    ),
    mainPanel(
      plotOutput("Flower")
    )
  )
  )

And this is the server.R one:

library(shiny)
library(ggplot2)
library(colourlovers)
library(rlist)
library(dplyr)

top=clpalettes('top')
sapply(1:length(top), function(x) list.extract(top, x)$title)->titles

CreatePlot = function (ang=pi*(3-sqrt(5)), nob=150, siz=15, sha=21, pal="LoversInJapan") {
  
  list.extract(top, which(titles==pal))$colors %>% 
    unlist %>% 
    as.vector() %>% 
    paste0("#", .) -> all_colors
  
  colors=data.frame(hex=all_colors, darkness=colSums(col2rgb(all_colors)))
  colors %>% arrange(-darkness)->colors
  
  background=colors[1,"hex"] %>% as.character

  colors %>% filter(hex!=background) %>% .[,1] %>% as.vector()->colors

  ggplot(data.frame(r=sqrt(1:nob), t=(1:nob)*ang*pi/180), aes(x=r*cos(t), y=r*sin(t)))+
    geom_point(colour=sample(colors, nob, replace=TRUE, prob=exp(1:length(colors))), aes(size=(nob-r)), shape=16)+
    scale_x_continuous(expand=c(0,0), limits=c(-sqrt(nob)*1.4, sqrt(nob)*1.4))+
    scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0), limits=c(-sqrt(nob)*1.4, sqrt(nob)*1.4))+
    theme(legend.position="none",
          panel.background = element_rect(fill=background),
          panel.grid=element_blank(),
          axis.ticks=element_blank(),
          axis.title=element_blank(),
          axis.text=element_blank())}

function(input, output) {
 output$Flower=renderPlot({
    CreatePlot(ang=180*(3-sqrt(5)), nob=input$nob, siz=input$siz, sha=as.numeric(input$sha), pal=input$pal)
  }, height = 550, width = 550 )}

Sunflowers

Drawings, , , , ,

The world is full of wonderful things, like sunflowers (Machanguito, my islander friend)

Sunflower seeds are arranged following a mathematical pattern where golden ratio plays a starring role. There are tons of web sites explaining this amazing fact. In general, the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem are ruled by spirals. This fact is called phyllotaxis, and I did this experiment about it some time ago. Voronoi tessellation originated by points arranged according the golden angle spiral give rise to this sunflowers:sunflowers

I know this drawing will like to my friend Machanguito because he loves sunflowers. He also loves dancing, chocolate cookies, music and swimming in the sea. Machanguito loves life, it is just that simple. He is also a big defender of renewable energy and writes down his thoughts on recycled papers. You can follow his adventures here.

This is the code:

library(deldir)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
opt = theme(legend.position  = "none",
            panel.background = element_rect(fill="red4"),
            axis.ticks       = element_blank(),
            panel.grid       = element_blank(),
            axis.title       = element_blank(),
            axis.text        = element_blank())
CreateSunFlower <- function(nob=500, dx=0, dy=0) {   data.frame(r=sqrt(1:nob), t=(1:nob)*(3-sqrt(5))*pi) %>%
    mutate(x=r*cos(t)+dx, y=r*sin(t)+dy)
}
g=seq(from=0, by = 45, length.out = 4)
jitter(g, amount=2) %>%
  expand.grid(jitter(g, amount=2)) %>%
  apply(1, function(x) CreateSunFlower(nob=round(jitter(220, factor=15)), dx=x[1], dy=x[2])) %>%
  do.call("rbind", .) %>% deldir() %>% .$dirsgs -> sunflowers
ggplot(sunflowers) +
  geom_segment(aes(x = x1, y = y1, xend = x2, yend = y2), color="greenyellow") +
  scale_x_continuous(expand=c(0,0))+
  scale_y_continuous(expand=c(0,0))+
  opt